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A ninja (Japanese: 忍者; [ɲiꜜɲdʑa]) or shinobi (Japanese: 忍び; ) was a spy and infiltrator in pre-modern Japan. [1] The functions of a ninja included siege and infiltration, ambush, reconnaissance, espionage, deception, and later bodyguarding. [2] Antecedents may have existed as early as the 12th century.
Ninjutsu (忍術), is the term for the techniques and skills used by spies and scouts in pre-modern Japan known as ninja.Some of these techniques are recorded in ninja scrolls, some which have been published and translated.
In 1972, Masaaki Hatsumi founded the Bujinkan organization. It uses the concepts of Ninjutsu in three of its nine schools [3] though they have since steered away from the "Ninjutsu" moniker in order to avoid stereotypes and since the art, which contains 9 ryūha (or schools), only has 3 schools based on the ninja while the other 6 are based on samurai tactics.
Jinichi Kawakami (川上仁一) b. 1949, head of Banke Shinobinoden, is the last sōke and only heir to authentic ninjutsu. [1] [better source needed] He says he is the 21st head of the Koga Ban family (Iga and Koga Ninjutsu), a mercenary, and the honorary director of the Iga-ryu Ninja Museum. [2]
Each three-hour special (with the exceptions of Sasuke 24 and 36 which lasted 5 1 ⁄ 2 hours and 6 hours respectively) covers an entire competition; there are normally 100 participants. There have been 40 specials produced, approximately one new special per year (twice per year before Monster9's bankruptcy, now reduced to once per year since ...
By the mid-1960s, there were numerous popular ninja-themed media produced in Japan and it became popular for Japanese children to wear ninja costumes. [10] During this second boom, some of the Japanese ninja-themed media were exported to several international markets such as Australia and Italy, but did not reach North America. [ 8 ]
The ninja of the Iga-ryū was also divided into different "classes" and ranks, based solely on the ninja's skill level. This hierarchy was simplified in the writings of the mid-20th-century author Heishichiro Okuse, who labeled them into three general categories: "jonin (upper ninja)", "chūnin (middle ninja)", and "genin (lower ninja)".
Depending on what years a student has studied in Japan, they may find that their focus reflects the themes or schools taught during their time. [clarification needed] This is one reason why there are often noticeable differences in the techniques of different teachers in the Bujinkan. Although Ninpo Taijutsu is an overall theme of the Bujinkan ...