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The term "great power" has only been used in historiography and political science since the Congress of Vienna in 1815. [1] Lord Castlereagh , the British Foreign Secretary , first used the term in its diplomatic context in 1814 in reference to the Treaty of Chaumont .
Medieval fortification refers to medieval military methods that cover the development of fortification construction and use in Europe, roughly from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance. During this millennium, fortifications changed warfare, and in turn were modified to suit new tactics, weapons and siege techniques.
A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin fortis ("strong") and facere ("to make"). [1] Maiden Castle in 1935. The Iron Age hillfort was first ...
Lovech Fortress is a medieval stronghold in Lovech, Bulgaria, that gained prominence during the Second Bulgarian Empire.After the Byzantine Empire unsuccessfully besieged Lovech in 1187, it was forced to recognize de facto the restoration of the Bulgarian state.
A 19th-century reconstruction of the keep at Château d'Étampes. Since the 16th century, the English word keep has commonly referred to large towers in castles. [4] The word originates from around 1375 to 1376, coming from the Middle English term kype, meaning basket or cask, and was a term applied to the shell keep at Guînes, said to resemble a barrel. [5]
There are several medieval fortified churches near the Anglo-Scottish border, where defence was an important consideration until the 17th century, when England and Scotland were united in personal union under King James VI and I. All Saints' Church, Boltongate in Cumbria is a fortified church with a fireproof stone-vaulted roof.
Veliko Tarnovo - Tsarevets Ruins of the Palace. The earliest evidence of human presence on the hill dates from the 2nd millennium BC.It was settled in the 4th century, and a Byzantine city, tentatively identified with Zikideva, was constructed near the end of the 5th century, on the grounds of which the construction of the Bulgarian stronghold was begun in the 12th century.
Burghead Fort was a Pictish promontory fort on the site now occupied by the small town of Burghead in Moray, Scotland.It was one of the earliest power centres of the Picts [1] and was three times the size of any other enclosed site in Early Medieval Scotland. [2]