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A developmental venous anomaly (DVA, formerly known as venous angioma) is a congenital variant of the cerebral venous drainage. On imaging it is seen as a number of small deep parenchymal veins converging toward a larger collecting vein.
The pathophysiology of cranial venous outflow obstruction involves the disruption of normal venous drainage from the brain. Cerebral veins play a crucial role in draining brain interstitial fluid (ISF), and their significance has been linked in various neurological conditions. [1] It can be caused by extrinsic or intrinsic anomalies. [7]
Pat Miller wrote in Beware of the Dog: Positive Solutions for Aggressive Behavior in Dogs in 2017: "[Rage syndrome] captured the imagination of the dog world, and soon every dog with episodes of sudden, explosive aggression was tagged with the unfortunate "rage syndrome" label, especially if it was a Spaniel of any type."
A vascular malformation is a type of vascular anomaly. [2] They may cause aesthetic problems as they have a growth cycle, and can continue to grow throughout life. Vascular malformations of the brain include those involving capillaries, and those involving the veins and arteries.
Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is a disease prevalent in dogs that exhibit symptoms of dementia or Alzheimer's disease shown in humans. [1] CCD creates pathological changes in the brain that slow the mental functioning of dogs resulting in loss of memory, motor function, and learned behaviors from training early in life.
Granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) of dogs and, rarely, cats.It is a form of meningoencephalitis.GME is likely second only to encephalitis caused by canine distemper virus as the most common cause of inflammatory disease of the canine CNS. [1]
Interacting with dogs in such ways may strengthen people’s brain waves associated with rest and relaxation, as measured by brain tests, according to a small study published Wednesday in the ...
The dural venous sinuses (also called dural sinuses, cerebral sinuses, or cranial sinuses) are venous sinuses (channels) found between the periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater in the brain. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They receive blood from the cerebral veins , and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space via arachnoid granulations .