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Phenol is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 ml (0.895 M). Homogeneous mixtures of phenol and water at phenol to water mass ratios of ~2.6 and higher are possible. The sodium salt of phenol, sodium phenoxide, is far more water-soluble. It is a combustible solid (NFPA rating = 2).
Alkali metal phenolates, such as sodium phenolate hydrolyze in aqueous solution to form basic solutions. [2] At pH = 10, phenol and phenolate are in approximately 1:1 proportions. The phenoxide anion (aka phenolate ) is a strong nucleophile with a comparable to the one of carbanions or tertiary amines. [ 3 ]
The simplest is phenol, C 6 H 5 OH. Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule. Phenol – the simplest of the phenols Chemical structure of salicylic acid, the active metabolite of aspirin. Phenols are both synthesized industrially and produced by plants and ...
Sodium phenoxide can also be produced by the "alkaline fusion" of benzenesulfonic acid, whereby the sulfonate groups are displaced by hydroxide: C 6 H 5 SO 3 Na + 2 NaOH → C 6 H 5 OH + Na 2 SO 3. This route once was the principal industrial route to phenol. [citation needed]
Adding boric acid to the acid-catalyzed reaction mixture increases the yield of phenol product over phenyl carboxylic acid product, even when using phenyl aldehyde or ketone reactants with electron-donating groups meta to the carbonyl group or electron-withdrawing groups ortho or para to the carbonyl group. Boric acid and hydrogen peroxide form ...
The first example of an oxidative phenol coupling in synthetic chemistry can be traced to Julius Löwe’s 1868 synthesis of ellagic acid, accomplished by heating gallic acid with arsenic acid. [ 8 ] In the synthesis of complex organic compounds , oxidative phenol couplings are sometimes employed.
Phenyl acetate is the ester of phenol and acetic acid.It can be produced by reacting phenol with acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.. Phenyl acetate can be separated into phenol and an acetate salt, via saponification: heating the phenyl acetate with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide, will produce phenol and an acetate salt (sodium acetate, if sodium hydroxide were used).
When 1-[14 C]-1-chlorobenzene was subjected to aqueous NaOH at 395 °C, ipso substitution product 1-[14 C]-phenol was formed in 54% yield, while cine substitution product 2-[14 C]-phenol was formed in 43% yield, indicating that an elimination-addition (benzyne) mechanism is predominant, with perhaps a small amount of product from addition ...
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