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Since the function () is also a polynomial of the same degree, this function gives rise to a codeword ((), …, ()); since = holds, this codeword is the cyclic left-shift of the original codeword derived from .
The normal deviate mapping (or normal quantile function, or inverse normal cumulative distribution) is given by the probit function, so that the horizontal axis is x = probit(P fa) and the vertical is y = probit(P fr), where P fa and P fr are the false-accept and false-reject rates.
However, in most fielded systems, unwanted clutter and interference sources mean that the noise level changes both spatially and temporally. In this case, a changing threshold can be used, where the threshold level is raised and lowered to maintain a constant probability of false alarm. This is known as constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection.
The code rate is defined as the fraction k/n of k source symbols and n encoded symbols. The actual maximum code rate allowed depends on the error-correcting code used, and may be lower. This is because Shannon's proof was only of existential nature, and did not show how to construct codes that are both optimal and have efficient encoding and ...
S-random interleaver (where the interleaver is a known random permutation with the constraint that no input symbols within distance S appear within a distance of S in the output). [25] a contention-free quadratic permutation polynomial (QPP). [26] An example of use is in the 3GPP Long Term Evolution mobile telecommunication standard. [27]
The block length of a block code is the number of symbols in a block. Hence, the elements c {\displaystyle c} of Σ n {\displaystyle \Sigma ^{n}} are strings of length n {\displaystyle n} and correspond to blocks that may be received by the receiver.
This PDF approximates an object with one large scattering surface with several other small scattering surfaces. Examples include some helicopters and propeller-driven aircraft, as the propeller/rotor provides a strong constant signal. Model III is the analog of I, considering the case where the RCS is constant through a single scan. The pdf ...
The few systems that calculate the majority function on an even number of inputs are often biased towards "0" – they produce "0" when exactly half the inputs are 0 – for example, a 4-input majority gate has a 0 output only when two or more 0's appear at its inputs. [1] In a few systems, the tie can be broken randomly. [2]