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The adverse effects of non-selective alpha blockers are caused by the autonomic response to the systemic changes induced by the adrenergic blocking agents. [3] The common adverse effects of alpha blockers are due to the blockade of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in tissue that requires high level of alpha adrenergic sympathetic input such as ...
Many tricyclic antidepressants, tetracyclic antidepressants, antipsychotics, ergolines, and some piperazines like buspirone, trazodone, nefazodone, etoperidone, and mepiprazole antagonize α 1-adrenergic receptors as well, which contributes to their side effects such as orthostatic hypotension.
Side effects associated with phentolamine include headache, flushing, and nasal congestion. [23] Benign prostate hyperplasia, a disease in which urinary retention becomes an issue. Alpha-1 blockers can be used, but it can result in side effects such as increased urination and retrograde ejaculation.
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.
Regarding non-cardiac side effects, they can cause nausea, headache, fatigue, dry mouth, and dry eyes. [4] In rare cases, confusion , memory loss , and sexual dysfunction are reported. [ 12 ] Additionally, beta 1 blockers can mask hypoglycaemia-induced tachycardia in diabetic patients, potentially leading to hypoglycaemic unawareness and ...
Isoprenaline is a β 1-and β 2-adrenergic receptor full agonist and has almost no activity at the α-adrenergic receptors at lower concentrations. [15] [21] It has similar affinity for the β 1 - and β 2-adrenergic receptors. [21] [8] At higher concentrations, isoprenaline can also evoke responses mediated by α-adrenergic receptors.
Women’s bodies go through many changes in menopause and the years leading up to it, known as perimenopause. This natural step in the aging process marks the end of the reproductive years. In ...
Medications are used to reverse the symptoms of extrapyramidal side effects caused by antipsychotics or other drugs, by either directly or indirectly increasing dopaminergic neurotransmission. The treatment varies by the type of the EPS, but may involve anticholinergic agents such as procyclidine, benztropine, diphenhydramine, and trihexyphenidyl.