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Streptococcus agalactiae is the most common human pathogen belonging to group B of the Lancefield classification of streptococci—hence the name of group B stretococcal (GBS). Infection with GBS can cause serious illness and sometimes death, especially in newborns, the elderly, and people with compromised immune systems .
The plural term group B streptococci (referring to the serotypes) and the singular term group B streptococcus (referring to the single species) are both commonly used synonymously with S. agalactiae even though S. halichoeri and S. pseudoporcinus are also group B Streptococci. These species test positive as group B, but are not frequently ...
A rapid strep test may assist a clinician in deciding whether to prescribe an antibiotic to a person with pharyngitis, a common infection of the throat. [1] Viral infections are responsible for the majority of pharyngitis, but a significant proportion (20% to 40% in children and 5% to 15% in adults) is caused by bacterial infection. [2]
It was a retrospective study (2008–2010) and looked at 441 children who attended a Belgian hospital emergency department and had a throat swab taken. It concluded that the Centor criteria are ineffective in predicting the presence of Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus (i.e. antibiotic treatment-worthy) on throat swab cultures in children. [4]
For this test, the patient will gargle a small amount of salt water and then spit the fluid into a clean cup. This method gives a larger sample than a throat swab and may make the culture more reliable. A culture for Streptococcus pyogenes can take 18–24 hours when grown at 37 degrees Celsius (body temperature). [1]
The CAMP test (Christie–Atkins–Munch-Petersen) is a test to identify group B β-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) [1] [2] based on their formation of a substance, CAMP factor, [3] that enlarges the area of hemolysis formed by the β-hemolysin elaborated from Staphylococcus aureus.
In the medical setting, the most important groups are the alpha-hemolytic streptococci S. pneumoniae and Streptococcus viridans groups, and the beta-hemolytic streptococci of Lancefield groups A and B (also known as "group A strep" and "group B strep"). Table: Medically relevant streptococci [10]
A case of strep throat. Streptococcal pharyngitis or strep throat is caused by a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GAS). [20] It is the most common bacterial cause of cases of pharyngitis (15–30%). [19] Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, and large lymph nodes. It is a contagious infection, spread by close contact with an infected ...