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Two levels of abstraction are employed in the definitions of latitude and longitude. In the first step the physical surface is modeled by the geoid, a surface which approximates the mean sea level over the oceans and its continuation under the land masses.
Earth's rotation imaged by Deep Space Climate Observatory, showing tilt. Earth's rotation or Earth's spin is the rotation of planet Earth around its own axis, as well as changes in the orientation of the rotation axis in space.
The 30th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 30 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.It stands one-third of the way between the equator and the North Pole and crosses Africa, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. [23] This is enabled by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water.
The 38th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 38 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.
The concept of angles between lines (in the plane or in space), between two planes (dihedral angle) or between a line and a plane can be generalized to arbitrary dimensions.
Earth's atmosphere photographed from the International Space Station.The orange and green line of airglow is at roughly the altitude of the Kármán line. [1]The Kármán line (or von Kármán line / v ɒ n ˈ k ɑːr m ɑː n /) [2] is a conventional definition of the edge of space; it is widely but not universally accepted.
Stereographic projection of the unit sphere from the north pole onto the plane z = 0, shown here in cross section. The unit sphere S 2 in three-dimensional space R 3 is the set of points (x, y, z) such that x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.