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Unix (/ ˈ j uː n ɪ k s / ⓘ, YOO-niks; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, whose development started in 1969 [1] at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others. [4]
Because the company widely and inexpensively licensed Unix, [35] by the early 1980s thousands of people used Unix at AT&T and elsewhere, and as computer science students moved from universities into companies they wanted to continue to use it. Observers began to see Unix as a potential universal operating system, suitable for all computers.
Below are other certified Unix operating systems: [4] macOS: Heavily based on BSD, macOS is registered as certified Unix 03 brand on both versions (Intel and Apple silicon-based). SCO OpenServer: Another operating system by SCO. Registered as Unix 93 “single and Multi-processor Industry Standard Intel architecture platform”.
Linux supports standard UNIX networking features, as well as the full suite of UNIX tools, while supporting multiple users and employing preemptive multitasking. Initially of a minimalist design, Linux is a flexible system that can work in under 16 MB of RAM , but still is used on large multiprocessor systems. [ 135 ]
In computing, a shell is a computer program that exposes an operating system's services to a human user or other programs. In general, operating system shells use either a command-line interface (CLI) or graphical user interface (GUI), depending on a computer's role and particular operation. It is named a shell because it is the outermost layer ...
UNIX History – a timeline of UNIX 1969 and its descendants at present Concise Microsoft O.S. Timeline – a color-coded concise timeline for various Microsoft operating systems (1981–present) Bitsavers – an effort to capture, salvage, and archive historical computer software and manuals from minicomputers and mainframes of the 1950s ...
Many computer systems measure time and date using Unix time, an international standard for digital timekeeping.Unix time is defined as the number of seconds elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970 (an arbitrarily chosen time based on the creation of the first Unix system), which has been dubbed the Unix epoch.
A Unix architecture is a computer operating system system architecture that embodies the Unix philosophy. It may adhere to standards such as the Single UNIX Specification (SUS) or similar POSIX IEEE standard. No single published standard describes all Unix architecture computer operating systems — this is in part a legacy of the Unix wars.