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39% (14,700) of new HIV infections in US men were in blacks, 35% (13,200) were in whites, and 22% (8,500) were in Hispanics/Latinos. The rate of estimated new HIV infections among black men (per 100,000) was 103.6—six and a half times that of white men (15.8) and more than twice the rate among Hispanic/Latino men (45.5) as of 2010. [82]
HIV transmission occurs largely through heterosexual intercourse. A greater number of people who get infected with HIV/AIDS are heterosexuals. [74] with two-thirds of AIDS cases in this region attributed to this route. Sex between men is also a significant route of transmission, even though it is heavily stigmatized and illegal in many areas.
Globally, an estimated 34 million people are living with HIV, with 68% residing in sub-Saharan Africa nations such as Lesotho [3] and 50% of cases affecting women. In the United States, over 140,000 HIV-serodiscordant heterosexual couples are estimated, with 52% of HIV-positive women in a national study reporting serodiscordant partnerships.
Circumcision in sub-Saharan Africa "reduces the acquisition of HIV by heterosexual men by between 38% and 66% over 24 months". [122] Owing to these studies, both the World Health Organization and UNAIDS recommended male circumcision in 2007 as a method of preventing female-to-male HIV transmission in areas with high rates of HIV. [123]
Latinos or Hispanic people represent less than 20% of the US population but they made up nearly a third of new HIV diagnoses in 2022, according to the CDC.
These diseases increase the probability of HIV transmission dramatically, from around 0.01–0.1% to 4–43% per heterosexual act, because the genital ulcers provide a portal of viral entry, and contain many activated T cells expressing the CCR5 co-receptor, the main cell targets of HIV. [13] [43]
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