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Shia Islam in Iraq (Arabic: الشيعة في العراق) has a history going back to the times of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the first imam of Shia Islam and fourth caliph of Sunni Islam who moved the capital of the early caliphate from Medina to Kufa (or Najaf) two decades after the death of Muhammad.
The data on the religious affiliation of Iraq's population are uncertain. 95–99% of the population are Muslims. [15] [16] The CIA World Factbook reported a 2015 estimate according to which 36–39% were Sunni Muslims and 61-64% Shia Muslims. [15] According to a 2011 survey by Pew Research, 51% of the Muslims identified as Shia and 42% as ...
Iraq is home to many religious sites important for both Shia and Sunni. Baghdad was a hub of Islamic learning and scholarship for centuries and served as the capital of the Abassids . The city of Karbala has substantial prominence in Shia Islam as a result of the Battle of Karbala , which was fought on the site of the modern city on October 10 ...
In the early Islamic period, Iraq was a key center of the Abbasid Caliphate, with the city of Baghdad serving as its capital from the 8th to the 13th century. Sunni Arabs played a significant role in the administration (including the ruling Abbasid dynasty) and cultural life of the caliphate, and many important figures of Islamic scholarship and literature emerged from Iraq during this time ...
Almost 90% of Pakistan's Muslim population is Sunni, with 10% being Shia, but this Shia minority forms the second largest Shia population of any country, [228] larger than the Shia majority in Iraq. Until recently Shia–Sunni relations have been cordial, and a majority of people of both sects participated in the creation the state of Pakistan ...
Kurdish and Shia populated regions of Iraq have experienced economic boom since the end of the 2003–2011 war. [129] [130] [131] In recent years, Sunni-populated provinces in Iraq have also made economic progress, as evidenced by numerous new construction projects. [132] In addition, Iraq is an agricultural country.
The most recent campaign of anti-Shia oppression was the Islamic State organization's persecution of Shias in its territories in Northern Iraq, [180] [197] [181] [198] which occurred alongside the persecution of various religious groups and the genocide of Yazidis by the same organization during the Second Iraq War.
The vast majority of Iraqi Kurds are Sunni Muslims, with Shia and Christian minorities. Under the Kingdom of Iraq, Kurdish leader Mustafa Barzani led a rebellion against the central government in Baghdad in 1945. After the failure of the uprising Barzānī and his followers fled to the Soviet Union.