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In computer networking, localhost is a hostname that refers to the current computer used to access it. The name localhost is reserved for loopback purposes. [1] It is used to access the network services that are running on the host via the loopback network interface.
Link-local addresses may be assigned manually by an administrator or by automatic operating system procedures. In Internet Protocol (IP) networks, they are assigned most often using stateless address autoconfiguration, a process that often uses a stochastic process to select the value of link-local addresses, assigning a pseudo-random address that is different for each session.
A special case of private link-local addresses is the loopback interface. These addresses are private and link-local by definition since packets never leave the host device. IPv4 reserves the entire class A address block 127.0.0.0 / 8 for use as private loopback addresses. IPv6 reserves the single address ::1.
Where a system (such as a modem) involves round-trip analog-to-digital processing, a distinction is made between analog loopback, where the analog signal is looped back directly, and digital loopback, where the signal is processed in the digital domain before being re-converted to an analog signal and returned to the source.
Interfaces and abstract classes are similar. The following describes some important differences: An abstract class may have member variables as well as non-abstract methods or properties. An interface cannot. A class or abstract class can only inherit from one class or abstract class. A class or abstract class may implement one or more interfaces.
This is the real-world definition for an adapter. Interfaces may be incompatible, but the inner functionality should suit the need. The adapter design pattern allows otherwise incompatible classes to work together by converting the interface of one class into an interface expected by the clients.
A custom interface, anything derived from IUnknown, provides early bound access via a pointer to a virtual method table that contains a list of pointers to the functions that implement the functions declared in the interface, in the order they are declared. An in-process invocation overhead is, therefore, comparable to a C++ virtual method call.
In Microsoft Windows applications programming, OLE Automation (later renamed to simply Automation [1] [2]) is an inter-process communication mechanism created by Microsoft.It is based on a subset of Component Object Model (COM) that was intended for use by scripting languages – originally Visual Basic – but now is used by several languages on Windows.