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The 4 'A's Test (4AT) is a bedside medical scale used to help determine if a person has positive signs for delirium. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The 4AT also includes cognitive test items, making it suitable also for use as a rapid test for cognitive impairment.
The mechanism underlying rapid response to benzodiazepines and zolpidem in catatonia is unknown. [6] The observation that zolpidem, a selective hypnosedative with little to no muscle relaxing properties, elicits a challenge response similar to benzodiazepines has called into question the hypothesis that lorazepam may reverse catatonia through myorelaxation.
Lorazepam, sold under the brand name Ativan among others, is a benzodiazepine medication. [14] It is used to treat anxiety (including anxiety disorders ), trouble sleeping , severe agitation , active seizures including status epilepticus , alcohol withdrawal , and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting . [ 14 ]
An estimated 5.8 million people in the U.S. have Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, but the condition can be tricky to diagnose.Patients usually are put through a series of tests, and it ...
Benzodiazepines are sometimes prescribed to treat behavioral symptoms of dementia. However, like antidepressants, they have little evidence of effectiveness, although antipsychotics have shown some benefit. [104] [105] Cognitive impairing effects of benzodiazepines that occur frequently in the elderly can also worsen dementia. [106]
Researchers from Murdoch University have developed a screening test where people self-report their concerns in six different cognitive areas to help determine a person’s dementia risk.
Celexa – an antidepressant of the SSRI class; Centrax – an anti-anxiety agent; Clozaril – atypical antipsychotic used to treat resistant schizophrenia; Concerta (methylphenidate) – an extended release form of methylphenidate
The tables below contain a sample list of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine analogs that are commonly prescribed, with their basic pharmacological characteristics, such as half-life and equivalent doses to other benzodiazepines, also listed, along with their trade names and primary uses.