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Tonnage is a measure of the capacity of a ship, and is commonly used to assess fees on commercial shipping. The term derives from the taxation paid on tuns or casks of wine. In modern maritime usage, "tonnage" specifically refers to a calculation of the volume or cargo volume of a ship.
Gross tonnage is calculated based on "the moulded volume of all enclosed spaces of the ship" and is used to determine things such as a ship's manning regulations, safety rules, registration fees, and port dues, whereas the older gross register tonnage is a measure of the volume of only certain enclosed spaces.
The Net tonnage calculation is defined in Regulation 4 of Annex 1 of The International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969. It is based on three main variables: V c, the total volume of the ship's cargo spaces in cubic meters (m³), d, the ship's moulded draft amidships in meters, and; D, the ship's moulded depth amidships in metres
The ship's hydrostatic tables show the corresponding volume displaced. [4] To calculate the weight of the displaced water, it is necessary to know its density. Seawater (1,025 kg/m 3) is more dense than fresh water (1,000 kg/m 3); [5] so a ship will ride higher in salt water than in fresh. The density of water also varies with temperature.
Builder's Old Measurement (BOM, bm, OM, and o.m.) is the method used in England from approximately 1650 to 1849 for calculating the cargo capacity of a ship. It is a volumetric measurement of cubic capacity. It estimated the tonnage of a ship based on length and maximum beam.
Tonnage – A number derived from any of several methods to calculate the volume or other number indicative of a ship's cargo carrying capacity. Gross tonnage – GT – Not expressible in units of mass or weight but is based on the total volume of the vessel in cubic meters with a formula applied.