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The following description of Hawaiian phonemes and their allophones is based on the experiences of the people who developed the Hawaiian alphabet, as described by Schütz, [2] and on the descriptions of Hawaiian pronunciation and phonology made by Lyovin, [3] and Elbert & Pukui.
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Hawaiian on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Hawaiian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
The current official Hawaiian alphabet consists of 13 letters: five vowels (A a, E e, I i, O o, and U u) and eight consonants (H h, K k, L l, M m, N n, P p, W w, and ʻ). [2] Alphabetic order differs from the normal Latin order in that the vowels come first, then the consonants.
Due to the Hawaiian orthography's difference from English orthography, the pronunciation of the words differ. For example, the muʻumuʻu, traditionally a Hawaiian dress, is pronounced / ˈ m uː m uː / MOO-moo by many mainland (colloquial term for the Continental U.S.) residents. However, many Hawaii residents have learned that the ʻokina in ...
However, word order is flexible, and the emphatic word can be placed first in the sentence. [1]: p28 Hawaiian largely avoids subordinate clauses, [1]: p.27 and often uses a possessive construction instead. [1]: p.41 Hawaiian, unlike English, is a pro-drop language, meaning pronouns may be omitted when the meaning is clear from context.
ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, meaning "Hawaiian language.". In many fonts, the symbol for the ʻokina looks identical to the symbol for the curved single opening quotation mark. In others (like Linux Libertine) it is a slightly different size, either larger or smaller, as seen in the adjacent image.
In Hawaiian, these words are pronounced [hʌˈʋʌi.ʔi] and [oˈʔʌ.hu], and are written with an ʻokina where the glottal stop is pronounced. [84] [85] Elbert & Pukui's Hawaiian Grammar says "The glottal stop, ‘, is made by closing the glottis or space between the vocal cords, the result being something like the hiatus in English oh-oh." [86]
Niʻihau dialect (Standard Hawaiian: ʻŌlelo Niʻihau, Niʻihau: Olelo Matuahine, lit. 'mother tongue') is a dialect of the Hawaiian language spoken on the island of Niʻihau, more specifically in its only settlement Puʻuwai, and on the island of Kauaʻi, specifically near Kekaha, where descendants of families from Niʻihau now live.