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An oblast (/ ˈ ɒ b l æ s t / or / ˈ ɒ b l ɑː s t /) [a] [b] is a type of administrative division in Bulgaria and several post-Soviet states, including Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. Historically, it was used in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union .
In Ukraine, the term oblast denotes a primary administrative division.Under the Russian Empire and into the 1920s, Ukraine was divided between several governorates.The term oblast was introduced in 1932 by Soviet authorities when the Ukrainian SSR was divided into seven oblasts, replacing the previous subdivision system based on okruhas and encompassing 406 raions (districts). [2]
Each oblast features a state government holding authority over a defined geographic territory, with a state legislature, the Oblast Duma, that is democratically elected. The governor is the highest executive position of the state government in an oblast and is elected by the people.
An official government translation of the Constitution of Russia from Russian to English uses the term "constituent entities of the Russian Federation". For example, Article 5 reads: "The Russian Federation shall consist of republics, krais, oblasts, cities of federal significance, an autonomous oblast, and autonomous okrugs, which shall have equal rights as constituent entities of the Russian ...
Kaliningrad Oblast is the westernmost part of Russia. It is a small flat province separated from the rest of the country by the Baltic Sea and two European Union and NATO members: Poland to the south and Lithuania to the north and east.
An oblast in Ukraine, sometimes translated as region or province, is the main type of first-level administrative division of the country. Ukraine is a unitary state , thus the oblasts do not have much legal scope of competence other than that which is established in the Ukrainian Constitution and by law.
When a distinction is desirable, "krai" is sometimes translated into English as "territory", [3] (closer to "edge" in literal translation, what is more related with the March meaning as a "borderland") while "oblast" can variously be translated to "province" or "region", but both of these translations are also reasonable interpretations of "krai".
The Jewish Autonomous Oblast is part of the Far Eastern Economic Region; it has industry and agriculture and its transportation network involves roads, rail and water ways. Although landlocked, it is a free economic zone. The oblast's mineral and building and finishing material resources are in demand on the Russian market.