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Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, [9] or Devil's Breath, [10] is a natural or synthetically produced tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic drug that is used as a medication to treat motion sickness [11] and postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Hyoscine butylbromide, also known as scopolamine butylbromide [4] and sold under the brandname Buscopan among others, [5] is an anticholinergic medication used to treat abdominal pain, esophageal spasms, bladder spasms, biliary colic, [6] and renal colic.
Diphenoxylate is used to treat diarrhea in adults; it is only available as a combination drug with a subtherapeutic dose of atropine to prevent abuse. [2] It should not be used in children due to the risk of respiratory depression. [2] It does not appear harmful to a fetus but the risks have not been fully explored. [2]
Motion sickness occurs due to a difference between actual and expected motion. [1] [2] [4] Symptoms commonly include nausea, vomiting, cold sweat, headache, dizziness, tiredness, loss of appetite, and increased salivation. [1] [5] Complications may rarely include dehydration, electrolyte problems, or a lower esophageal tear. [2]
The cough syrup codeine linctus will now only be available to patients with a prescription due to concerns over abuse and addiction. ... in adults and children over the age of 12 with no breathing ...
Meclizine has low bioavailability (22–32%) and a delayed onset to action in part due to its poor solubility in water (0.1 mg/ml) and gastrointestinal fluid. [1] In children it has been found that taking meclizine with food increases its bioavailability slightly. [24] It is metabolized in the liver by the CYP2D6 enzyme. [2]
Only the phenobarbital group demonstrated a significant change in pain type compared to belladonna alkaloids at the end of the study with an approximate 48% response rate. Patients on Donnatal® tablets, belladonna alkaloids, and placebo all had non-significant (p > 0.149) shifts to dull pain, 39.5%, 52.3%, and 40.4%, respectively compared to ...
Thus, many untrained nurses and physicians were administering morphine and scopolamine at improper dosages, leading to a high rate of errors. [8] Also contributing was the fact that twilight sleep did not actually cause a painless childbirth—the scopolamine produced amnesia, so the user did not remember the pain.