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The specific attributes of activities pursued at work exposure, guardianship, attractiveness—were all related to victimization in ways predicted by activity theory. [11] These findings identify specific attributes of occupations that could be modified to reduce the risk of criminal victimization at work.
The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 is a legislative act in India that seeks to protect women from sexual harassment at their place of work. It was passed by the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Indian Parliament ) on 3 September 2012.
The more positive tendency recognizes the distinctiveness of women's experience and views (regarding sex, morality, etc.) as a positive alternative in contrast to that imposed by the "patriarchal" views of men. [5] One of Wolf's and Roiphe's arguments is that emphasis on victimization reinforces the stereotype of women being fragile and vulnerable.
Awareness among women of the pervasive culture's view of women as more vulnerable than men, may influence perceptions of being more likely to be victimized and in turn contribute to their fear; in this way, it would be a perceived risk and not an actual risk of victimization that is the cause of women's fear. [3]
Women pursuing “lazy girl jobs”—one with minimal stress and decent pay—are anything but lazy. Rather than shirking hard work, new research has found that they are actually just trying to ...
Workplace harassment for women dates back to women's first foray into the workforce, as early as colonial times. The most common form of workplace harassment that women face is sexual harassment. [15] According to Fitzgerald, one of every two women experiences workplace harassment in their working or academic lives. [15]
When institutions or criminal justice system personnel fail to support the victimized individual, victims are vulnerable to secondary victimisation. [6] While the appropriate and legal way to respond to primary victimisation is to report the event, authorities often deny, do not believe, or blame the victim (Campbell & Raja, 1999; Campbell & Raja, 2005).
The way victimization is gendered also impacts how women experience and respond to their victimization. Although victimization during childhood or adolescence is a predictor for female and male offending, the literature suggests it is a stronger predictor for females. [ 5 ]