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The Ponte della Costituzione (English: Constitution Bridge) is the fourth bridge over the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. It was designed by Santiago Calatrava , and was moved into place in 2007 (connecting Stazione di Santa Lucia to Piazzale Roma ), amid protest by politicians and the general public.
A 1989 British study showed that the majority of expansion joints surveyed in existing bridges had failed and allowed water (and hence salt) ingress. [1] The movement experienced at the abutment in an integral bridge is an order of magnitude greater than those designed with movement joints.
In 2014 a project called "The Tiberio Project" aimed to reorganise the road system near the bridge and redevelop the entire area of San Giuliano a mare. [ 44 ] In 2016, [ 37 ] an archaeological park was inaugurated by the bridge's San Giuliano end, [ 30 ] [ 37 ] collecting 155 stones that were once part of the bridge. [ 37 ]
The bridge's suspension system would have relied on two pairs of steel cables, each with a diameter of 1.24 m (49 in) and a total length, between the anchor blocks, of 5,300 m (17,400 ft). [12] The design included 20.3 km (12.6 miles) of road links and 19.8 km (12.3 miles) of railway links to the bridge.
The “ponte tibetano,” or Tibetan suspension bridge in Sellano, Umbria, is the highest of its kind in Europe, say the Italian authorities. ... Europe’s highest pedestrian suspension bridge ...
A bridge management system (BMS) is a set of methodologies and procedures for managing information about bridges. Such system is capable of document and process data along the entire life cycle of the structure steps: project design, construction, monitoring, maintenance and end of operation. [1] [2]
Batter-post rigid frame bridges are defined by their supports that run from the deck to the abutments at an angle. This design supports the deck in a similar way to v-shaped piers but differs in how the foundations must be built. The piers bear on or next to the abutments, eliminating the need for foundations directly beneath the bridge.
An abutment is the substructure at the ends of a bridge span or dam supporting its superstructure. [1] Single-span bridges have abutments at each end that provide vertical and lateral support for the span, as well as acting as retaining walls to resist lateral movement of the earthen fill of the bridge approach.