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Hypophosphatemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is a low level of phosphate in the blood. [1] Symptoms may include weakness, trouble breathing, and loss of appetite. [ 1 ] Complications may include seizures , coma , rhabdomyolysis , or softening of the bones .
Other than those listed below, common complications of TPN include hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypercapnia, decreased copper and zinc levels, elevated prothrombin time (if associated with liver injury), hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and decreased gastrointestinal motility. [8]
Blood tests reveal low levels of phosphate (hypophosphatemia) and inappropriately normal levels of vitamin D. [1] Occasionally, hypophosphatemia may improve over time as urine losses of phosphate partially correct. [1] ADHR may be lumped in with X-linked hypophosphatemia under general terms such as hypophosphatemic rickets.
Oral phosphate and calcitriol may be given for treatment of hypophosphatemia. [18] For growth hormone excess, treatment with somatostatin analogues or pegvisomant may be effective. [22] Surgery may be an option, but may be complicated by the cranial abnormalities associated with the disorder.
In such cases, a treatment of immune thrombocytopenia therapy (corticosteroids, or intravenous immunoglobulin) will be instructed. [6] If there is an improvement in the platelet levels, the patient will be diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia, and if not the patient will be diagnosed with severe gestational thrombocytopenia [2]
Bartter syndrome (BS) is a rare inherited disease characterised by a defect in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, which results in low potassium levels (hypokalemia), [2] increased blood pH (), and normal to low blood pressure.
Phosphate supplementation is used to treat hypophosphatemia.. Most hypophosphatemia occurs when phosphate leaves the circulation and enters the cells. Phosphate supplementation is often required in people who have undergone surgery and in chronically malnourished people.
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is an X-linked dominant form of rickets (or osteomalacia) that differs from most cases of dietary deficiency rickets in that vitamin D supplementation does not cure it. It can cause bone deformity including short stature and genu varum (bow-leggedness).