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Members of the smaller chamber represent more citizens and usually serve for longer terms than members of the larger chamber, generally four years. In 41 states, the larger chamber is called the House of Representatives. Five states designate the larger chamber the assembly, three states call it the House of Delegates, and one has just one chamber.
An act of Congress is a statute enacted by the United States Congress. Acts may apply only to individual entities (called private laws ), or to the general public ( public laws ).
The law of most of the states is based on the common law of England; the notable exception is Louisiana, whose civil law is largely based upon French and Spanish law.The passage of time has led to state courts and legislatures expanding, overruling, or modifying the common law; as a result, the laws of any given state invariably differ from the laws of its sister states.
The 118th United States Congress, which began on January 3, 2023, and will end on January 3, 2025, has enacted 209 public laws and zero private laws. [1] [2] [3]In contrast with previous Congresses, which generally enacted their first laws no later than January or February, the 118th Congress's first law was enacted on March 20. [4]
The 117th United States Congress, which began on January 3, 2021, and ended on January 3, 2023, enacted 362 public laws and 3 private laws. [1] [2] Donald Trump, who was the incumbent president for the Congress's first seventeen days, did not enact any laws before his presidential term expired.
This is a chronological, but still incomplete, list of United States federal legislation.Congress has enacted approximately 200–600 statutes during each of its 118 biennial terms so more than 30,000 statutes have been enacted since 1789.
In 40 of the 49 bicameral state legislatures, the lower house is called the "House of Representatives". The name "House of Delegates" is only used in Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. California and Wisconsin call their lower house the "State Assembly", while Nevada and New York simply call the lower house the "Assembly".
"Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled," [66] Joint Resolutions (have the same effect as bills): "Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled," [67]