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The aphelion distance between the Earth's and Sun's centers is currently about 1.016 71 AU or 152,097,700 km (94,509,100 mi). The dates of perihelion and aphelion change over time due to precession and other orbital factors, which follow cyclical patterns known as Milankovitch cycles.
Extra-close oppositions of Mars happen every 15 to 17 years, when we pass between Mars and the Sun around the time of its perihelion (closest point to the Sun in orbit). The minimum distance between Earth and Mars has been declining over the years, and in 2003 the minimum distance was 55.76 million km, nearer than any such encounter in almost ...
The reason for the assumption of prominent elliptical orbits lies probably in the much larger difference between aphelion and perihelion. That difference (or ratio) is also based on the eccentricity and is computed as = +. Due to the large difference between aphelion and perihelion, Kepler's second law is easily visualized.
At θ = 180°, aphelion, the distance is maximum (by definition, aphelion is – invariably – perihelion plus 180°) ... distance between center and perihelion, ...
The difference in size of the lobes of the figure-eight form arises mainly from the fact that the perihelion and aphelion occur far from the equinoxes. Instead, they occur a couple of weeks after the solstices , which in turn causes a slight tilt of the figure eight and its minor lateral asymmetry.
[1] [2] The low eccentricity and comparatively small size of its orbit give Venus the least range in distance between perihelion and aphelion of the planets: 1.46 million km. The planet orbits the Sun once every 225 days [ 3 ] and travels 4.54 au (679,000,000 km; 422,000,000 mi) in doing so, [ 4 ] giving an average orbital speed of 35 km/s ...
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An object with an e of between 0 and 1 will have an elliptical orbit, with, for instance, an object with an e of 0.5 having a perihelion twice as close to the Sun as its aphelion. As an object's e approaches 1, its orbit will be more and more elongated before, and at e =1, the object's orbit will be parabolic and unbound to the Solar System (i ...