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3rd Planet: Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the subject of historical misconception for centuries. [4] [5] Earth was never formally 'discovered' because it was never an unrecognized entity by humans. However, its shared identity with other bodies as a "planet" is a historically recent discovery.
The first extant sources discussing such theories are found in ancient Greek philosophy. This work was furthered through the Middle Ages by Indian , Islamic , and European scientists , before gaining great strides during the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution —culminating in the formulation of Newton's law of gravity .
To derive the areoid, two parts of works are required. First, as gravity data is essential for identifying the position of the center of mass of the planet, [36] which is largely affected by the distribution of the mass of the interior, radio tracking data of spacecraft is necessary. [36] This was largely done by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS).
It may be generated by collisions within the asteroid belt brought on by gravitational interactions with the planets; a more recent proposed origin is materials from planet Mars. [241] The outer Solar System hosts a cosmic dust cloud. It extends from about 10 AU to about 40 AU, and was probably created by collisions within the Kuiper belt. [242 ...
NASA's Mariner 4 was the first spacecraft to visit Mars; launched on 28 November 1964, it made its closest approach to the planet on 15 July 1965. Mariner 4 detected the weak Martian radiation belt, measured at about 0.1% that of Earth, and captured the first images of another planet from deep space. [235]
1998 – The first complete Einstein ring, B1938+666, discovered using the Hubble Space Telescope and MERLIN. [226] [227] 1998-99 – Scientists discover that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. [228] [229] 1999 – Alessandra Buonanno and Thibault Damour introduce the effective one-body formalism. [230]
In physics, gravity (from Latin gravitas 'weight' [1]) is a fundamental interaction primarily observed as mutual attraction between all things that have mass.Gravity is, by far, the weakest of the four fundamental interactions, approximately 10 38 times weaker than the strong interaction, 10 36 times weaker than the electromagnetic force and 10 29 times weaker than the weak interaction.
Assuming that the Big Crunch or Big Rip scenarios for the end of the Universe do not occur, calculations suggest that the gravity of passing stars will have completely stripped the dead Sun of its remaining planets within 1 quadrillion (10 15) years. This point marks the end of the Solar System.