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A class or abstract class may implement one or more interfaces. An interface can only extend other interfaces. An abstract class may have non-public methods and properties (also abstract ones). An interface can only have public members. An abstract class may have constants, static methods and static members. An interface cannot.
This insulates client code from object creation by having clients request that a factory object create an object of the desired abstract type and return an abstract pointer to the object. [5] An example is an abstract factory class DocumentCreator that provides interfaces to create a number of products (e.g., createLetter() and createResume()).
Like with fields, there can be class and instance properties. The underlying methods can be virtual or abstract like any other method. [82] Since C# 3.0 the syntactic sugar of auto-implemented properties is available, [86] where the accessor (getter) and mutator (setter) encapsulate operations on a single field of a class.
In object-oriented programming, the factory method pattern is a design pattern that uses factory methods to deal with the problem of creating objects without having to specify their exact classes. Rather than by calling a constructor , this is accomplished by invoking a factory method to create an object.
An abstract class is either labeled as such explicitly or it may simply specify abstract methods (or virtual methods). An abstract class may provide implementations of some methods, and may also specify virtual methods via signatures that are to be implemented by direct or indirect descendants of the abstract class. Before a class derived from ...
In object-oriented programming, the singleton pattern is a software design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to a singular instance. It is one of the well-known "Gang of Four" design patterns , which describe how to solve recurring problems in object-oriented software. [ 1 ]
In languages supporting multiple inheritance, such as C++, interfaces are implemented as abstract classes. In languages without explicit support, protocols are often still present as conventions. This is known as duck typing. For example, in Python, any class can implement an __iter__ method and be used as a collection. [3]
In object-oriented programming, an abstract class may include abstract methods or abstract properties [2] that are shared by its subclasses. Other names for language features that are (or may be) used to implement abstract types include traits, mixins, flavors, roles, or type classes. [citation needed]