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Untranslatability is the property of text or speech for which no equivalent can be found when translated into another (given) language. A text that is considered to be untranslatable is considered a lacuna , or lexical gap .
Catford could identify where people were from exclusively through their speech. His expertise – which included formal phonetics , the aerodynamic and physiological production of speech, phonetic peculiarities in speech, and an astounding ability to reproduce words, and even speeches, backwards – led him to be invited to the University of ...
Catford rationalised this theory in his book Linguistic Theory of Translation: "Cultural untranslatability arises when a situational feature, functionally relevant for the source language text, is completely absent from the culture of which the TL is a part. For instance, the names of some institutions, clothes, foods and abstract concepts ...
Humour in translation can be caused by translation errors, because of irregularities and discrepancies between certain items that translators attempt to translate. This could be due to the ignorance of the translator, as well as the untranslatability of the text as a result of linguistic or cultural differences. [1]
The concept itself of "translation criticism" has the following meanings: Quality assessment of the target text, especially of its semantic and pragmatic equivalence regarding the source text.
In his 1998 book The Scandals of Translation: Towards an Ethics of Difference, Venuti states that "Domestication and foreignization deal with 'the question of how much a translation assimilates a foreign text to the translating language and culture, and how much it rather signals the differences of that text'".
Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is the translation of a text done by translating each word separately without analysing how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence.
The term 'retranslation' has been used to mean various things, including indirect translation, also known as relay translation, where a text is translated into one language and then that translation is translated into a further language.