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Supinator always acts together with biceps, except when the elbow joint is extended. [7] It is the most active muscle in forearm supination during unresisted supination, while biceps becomes increasingly active with heavy loading. [8] Supination strength decreases by 64% if supinator is disabled by, for example, injury. [9]
The muscle passes obliquely across the forearm, and ends in a flat tendon, which is inserted into a rough impression at the middle of the lateral surface of the body of the radius, just distal to the insertion of the supinator. The lateral border of the muscle forms the medial boundary of the triangular hollow known as the cubital fossa, which ...
The biceps is a particularly powerful supinator of the forearm due to the distal attachment of the muscle at the radial tuberosity, on the opposite side of the bone from the supinator muscle. When flexed, the biceps effectively pulls the radius back into its neutral supinated position in concert with the supinator muscle. [14]: 346–347
The muscle which can 'cancel' or to some degree reverse the action of the muscle. Muscle synergies are noted in parentheses when relevant. O (Occurrences) Number of times that the named muscle row occurs in a standard human body. Here it may also be denoted when a given muscles only occurs in a male or a female body.
The supinator and the anconeus are the two extensor muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm that do not pass through wrist extensor compartments. [3] The first compartment locating the most radial is occupied by the extensor pollicis brevis and the abductor pollicis longus to insert to the thumb.
Bipennate muscle is stronger than both unipennate muscle and fusiform muscle, due to a larger physiological cross-sectional area. Bipennate muscle shortens less than unipennate muscle but develops greater tension when it does, translated into greater power but less range of motion. Pennate muscles generally also tire easily.
Pronation and supination refer generally to the prone (facing down) or supine (facing up) positions. In the extremities, they are the rotation of the forearm or foot so that in the standard anatomical position the palm or sole is facing anteriorly when in supination and posteriorly when in pronation. [ 32 ]
Supination is the opposite, and occurs when the foot impacts the ground and there is not enough of an "inward roll" in the foot's motion. The weight of the body is not transferred at all to the big toe, forcing the outside of the foot and the smaller toes which cannot handle the stress as well to take the majority of the overweight instead.