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CA 15-3, for Carcinoma Antigen 15-3, is a tumor marker for many types of cancer, most notably breast cancer. [1] [2] [3]It is derived from MUC1. [4] CA 15-3 and associated CA 27-29 are different epitopes on the same protein antigen product of the breast cancer-associated MUC1 gene.
A tumor marker is a biomarker that can be used to indicate the presence of cancer or the behavior of cancers (measure progression or response to therapy). They can be found in bodily fluids or tissue. Markers can help with assessing prognosis, surveilling patients after surgical removal of tumors, and even predicting drug-response and monitor ...
Genetic, [1] epigenetic, [2] proteomic, [3] glycomic, [4] and imaging biomarkers can be used for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and epidemiology. Ideally, such biomarkers can be assayed in non-invasively collected biofluids like blood or serum. [5] Cancer is a disease that affects society at a world-wide level.
CA 27.29 (aka BR 27.29) and CA 15-3 measure different epitopes of the same protein antigen product of the MUC1 gene seen in breast cancer. CA 27.29 has enhanced sensitivity and specificity compared to CA 15-3 and is elevated in 30% of patients with low-stage disease and 60 to 70% of patients with advanced-stage breast cancer.
AKT can have a number of downstream effects such as activating CREB, [2] inhibiting p27, [3] localizing FOXO in the cytoplasm, [3] activating PtdIns-3ps, [4] and activating mTOR [3] which can affect transcription of p70 or 4EBP1. [3] There are many known factors that enhance the PI3K/AKT pathway including EGF, [5] shh, [2] IGF-1, [2] insulin ...
Prognostic markers are biomarkers used to measure the progress of a disease in the patient sample. [1] Prognostic markers are useful to stratify the patients into groups, guiding towards precise medicine discovery. The widely used prognostic markers in cancers include stage, size, grade, node and metastasis. In addition to these common markers ...
CEA is used as tumor biomarker that can be used for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy. The cT84.66 is a chimeric antibody of murine origin that has been tested in phase I clinical trials with 111-In and 90-Yttrium. [26] [27] 111-In and 90-Y are β- emitters that are used in clinics for imaging and therapy respectively.
Biomarkers found in blood, urine, or body tissues that can be introduced or elevated by the presence of one or more types of cancer. Pages in category "Tumor markers" The following 45 pages are in this category, out of 45 total.