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Ferrofluid on glass, with a rare-earth magnet underneath. A rare-earth magnet is a strong permanent magnet made from alloys of rare-earth elements.Developed in the 1970s and 1980s, rare-earth magnets are the strongest type of permanent magnets made, producing significantly stronger magnetic fields than other types such as ferrite or alnico magnets.
The field strength at the poles of any permanent magnet depends very much on the shape and is usually well below the remanence strength of the material. Alnico alloys have some of the highest Curie temperatures of any magnetic material, around 800 °C (1,470 °F), although the maximal working temperature is typically limited to around 538 °C ...
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Canonical examples of nanomagnets are grains [1] [2] of ferromagnetic metals (iron, cobalt, and nickel) and single-molecule magnets. [3] The vast majority of nanomagnets feature transition metal ( titanium , vanadium , chromium , manganese , iron, cobalt or nickel) or rare earth ( Gadolinium , Europium , Erbium ) magnetic atoms.
A magnet's magnetic moment (also called magnetic dipole moment and usually denoted μ) is a vector that characterizes the magnet's overall magnetic properties. For a bar magnet, the direction of the magnetic moment points from the magnet's south pole to its north pole, [ 15 ] and the magnitude relates to how strong and how far apart these poles ...
These are used to make neodymium magnets. The strength of neodymium magnets is the result of several factors. The most important is that the tetragonal Nd 2 Fe 14 B crystal structure has exceptionally high uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy (H A ≈ 7 T – magnetic field strength H in units of A/m versus magnetic moment in A·m 2).