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The current revision of the PHP manual mentions that the rationale behind magic quotes was to "help [prevent] code written by beginners from being dangerous." [ 2 ] It was however originally introduced in PHP 2 as a php.h compile-time setting for msql, only escaping single quotes, "making it easier to pass form data directly to msql queries". [ 3 ]
Character encoding detection, charset detection, or code page detection is the process of heuristically guessing the character encoding of a series of bytes that represent text. The technique is recognised to be unreliable [ 1 ] and is only used when specific metadata , such as a HTTP Content-Type: header is either not available, or is assumed ...
For codes from 0 to 127, the original 7-bit ASCII standard set, most of these characters can be used without a character reference. Codes from 160 to 255 can all be created using character entity names. Only a few higher-numbered codes can be created using entity names, but all can be created by decimal number character reference.
Technically, LMBCS is a lead-byte encoding where code point 00 hex as well as code points 20 hex (32) to 7F hex (127) are identical to ASCII [1] (as well as to LICS). [5]Code point 00 hex is always treated as NUL character to ensure maximum code compatibility with existing software libraries dealing with null-terminated strings [1] in many programming languages such as C.
The Universal Coded Character Set (UCS, Unicode) is a standard set of characters defined by the international standard ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) (plus amendments to that standard), which is the basis of many character encodings, improving as characters from previously unrepresented writing systems are added.
Less than 0.04% of all web pages use ISO-8859-2 as of October 2022. [3] [4] Microsoft has assigned code page 28592 a.k.a. Windows-28592 to ISO-8859-2 in Windows. IBM assigned code page 912 to ISO 8859-2, [5] until that code page was extended in 1999. [6] Code page 1111 is similar, but replaces byte B0 ° (degree sign) with U+02DA ˚ (ring above).
Code page 437 (CCSID 437) is the character set of the original IBM PC (personal computer). [2] It is also known as CP437 , OEM-US , OEM 437 , [ 3 ] PC-8 , [ 4 ] or MS-DOS Latin US . [ 5 ] The set includes all printable ASCII characters as well as some accented letters ( diacritics ), Greek letters, icons, and line-drawing symbols.
ISO-8859-7 is the IANA preferred charset name for this standard (formally the 1987 version, but in practice there is no problem using it for the current version, as the changes are pure additions to previously unassigned codes) when supplemented with the C0 and C1 control codes from ISO/IEC 6429.