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  2. Transcription (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(biology)

    The process of transcription is a major source of DNA damage, due to the formation of single-strand DNA intermediates that are vulnerable to damage. [53] The regulation of transcription by processes using base excision repair and/or topoisomerases to cut and remodel the genome also increases the vulnerability of DNA to damage. [53]

  3. Translation regulation by 5′ transcript leader cis-elements

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_regulation_by_5...

    Alterations in translation of mRNA into proteins rapidly modulates the proteome without changing upstream steps such as transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, and nuclear export. [1] The strict regulation of translation in both space and time is in part governed by cis-regulatory elements located in 5′ mRNA transcript leaders (TLs) and 3 ...

  4. Transcriptional regulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptional_regulation

    General transcription factors bind to the promoter. When a transcription factor is activated by a signal (here indicated as phosphorylation shown by a small red star on a transcription factor on the enhancer) the enhancer is activated and can now activate its target promoter. The active enhancer is transcribed on each strand of DNA in opposite ...

  5. Genomics Digital Lab - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics_Digital_Lab

    Single player Online Genomics Digital Lab ( GDL ) is a browser-based series of educational games , simulations, and animations created by Spongelab Interactive . It is designed to teach high school students about biology including photosynthesis, respiration, transcription, and translation.

  6. Transcription-translation coupling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription-translation...

    Translation promotes transcription elongation and regulates transcription termination. Functional coupling between transcription and translation is caused by direct physical interactions between the ribosome and RNA polymerase ("expressome complex"), ribosome-dependent changes to nascent mRNA secondary structure which affect RNA polymerase activity (e.g. "attenuation"), and ribosome-dependent ...

  7. Protein biosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_biosynthesis

    Protein synthesis can be divided broadly into two phases: transcription and translation. During transcription, a section of DNA encoding a protein, known as a gene, is converted into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). This conversion is carried out by enzymes, known as RNA polymerases, in the nucleus of the cell. [2]

  8. 26 Virtual Volunteer Opportunities to Make a Real Impact ...

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/26-virtual-volunteer...

    There are many different translation projects that bi- or multi-lingual volunteers can participate in, all of which revolve around lifting the language barriers that compromise quality of life for ...

  9. Central dogma of molecular biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_dogma_of_molecular...

    Transcription is the process by which the information contained in a section of DNA is replicated in the form of a newly assembled piece of messenger RNA (mRNA). Enzymes facilitating the process include RNA polymerase and transcription factors. In eukaryotic cells the primary transcript is pre-mRNA. Pre-mRNA must be processed for translation to ...