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Therefore, it considers the computational domain as a mesh of transmission lines, interconnected at nodes. In the figure on the right is considered a simple example of a 2D TLM mesh with a voltage pulse of amplitude 1 V incident on the central node. This pulse will be partially reflected and transmitted according to the transmission-line theory.
The closed-loop transfer function is measured at the output. The output signal can be calculated from the closed-loop transfer function and the input signal. Signals may be waveforms, images, or other types of data streams.
A time-domain reflectometer; an instrument used to locate the position of faults on lines from the time taken for a reflected wave to return from the discontinuity.. A signal travelling along an electrical transmission line will be partly, or wholly, reflected back in the opposite direction when the travelling signal encounters a discontinuity in the characteristic impedance of the line, or if ...
MATLAB (an abbreviation of "MATrix LABoratory" [18]) is a proprietary multi-paradigm programming language and numeric computing environment developed by MathWorks.MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages.
Knuth defines a figure of merit, which describes how close the separation / is to the theoretical minimum. Under Steele & Vigna's re-notation, for a dimension , the figure is defined as [7]: 3 (,) = / (/), where ,, are defined as before, and is the Hermite constant of dimension d.
In optimization, line search is a basic iterative approach to find a local minimum of an objective function:. It first finds a descent direction along which the objective function f {\displaystyle f} will be reduced, and then computes a step size that determines how far x {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} } should move along that direction.
(0,0) is at the top left corner of the grid, (1,1) is at the top left end of the line and (11, 5) is at the bottom right end of the line. The following conventions will be applied: the top-left is (0,0) such that pixel coordinates increase in the right and down directions (e.g. that the pixel at (7,4) is directly above the pixel at (7,5)), and
The presence of other molecules close to the molecule involved affects both line width and line position. It is the dominant process for liquids and solids. An extreme example of this effect is the influence of hydrogen bonding on the spectra of protic liquids. Observed spectral line shape and line width are also affected by instrumental factors.