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New roof section, San Agustin, Gran Canaria Mission tile in Spain Monk and Nun, also known as pan and cover, mission tiling, Spanish tile, gutter tile, [1] or barrel tile, is a style of arranging roof tiles, using semi-cylindrical tiles similar to imbrex and tegula, but instead of alternating rows of flat tiles (tegulae) and arched tiles (imbrices), both rows consist of the arched tile.
These tiles were intended for interior decoration, where they could form longer friezes. [16] Antefixes sat on or above the eaves, the lowest row of tiles and closed off the front opening. They were composed of two parts. The curved tile was placed over the bricks of the eave, while the front portion closed the roof cavity off with a vertical tile.
At the time, most houses were made of wood and had thatch roofing, which would often cause fires to spread quickly. To satisfy demand, many small roof-tile makers began to produce roof tiles by hand. The Scandinavian style of roof tile is a variation on the pantile which features a subdued "S" shape reminiscent of an ocean wave. [23]
[7] It is from this tile that 11 BC. is commonly accepted as the date of the cubicula's decorations since Tuberones and Fabius, two of the names inscribed on this tile, were consuls in 11 BC. [8] The question surrounding the paintings, however, is who commissioned them since Agrippa , the supposed builder and owner of the villa, died in 12 BC ...
Laumans roof tile works was located in the area around Tegelen. Quirinus and Caspar Laumans took over the business from one of the small manufacturers in 1864. Production started with 6 tile makers, 2 kilns, and 1 horse and wagon, at approximately 200.000 roof tiles a year (mainly pantiles).
Tile roofing traditionally consists of locally available materials such as clay, granite, terracotta or slate, though many modern applications contain concrete. Imbrex and tegula, style dating back to ancient Greece and Rome. Monk and nun, a style similar to Imbrex and tegula, but basically using two Imbrex tiles. Dutch roof tiles, Netherlands
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While these industrialized methods produced simple, stylized designs, the art of hand-painting tiles was not dead, as applied by Manuel Joaquim de Jesus and especially Luís Ferreira. Luis Ferreira was the director of the Lisbon factory Viúva Lamego and covered the whole façade of this factory with allegorical scenes.