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The Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand (Māori: He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni), sometimes referred to as He Whakaputanga, is a document signed by a number of Māori chiefs in 1835, proclaimed the sovereign independence of New Zealand prior to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840.
One of the foundational examples of Māori assertions of sovereignty is He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni (The Declaration of Independence, 1835). Signed by northern Māori chiefs, this document affirmed Māori sovereignty over New Zealand and continues to be referenced, particularly by Ngāpuhi, as a basis for Māori independence.
The treaty entered into by the rangatira and the Crown — Te Tiriti o Waitangi — followed on from He Whakaputanga, establishing the role of the British Crown with respect to Pākeha. The treaty delegated to Queen Victoria ’s governor the authority to exercise control over hitherto lawless Pākeha in areas of hapū land allocated to the Queen.
The first stage of the report was released in November 2014, [11] [12] and found that Māori chiefs never agreed to give up their sovereignty when they signed the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Tribunal manager Julie Tangaere said at the report's release to the Ngapuhi claimants:
In 1834 Busby drafted a document known as the He Whakaputanga (in the Māori language) and the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand (in English) which he and 35 northern Māori chiefs signed in 1835, establishing those chiefs as representatives under the title of the "United Tribes of New Zealand".
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He was an original signatory to the Declaration of Independence (the same document that the Crown had aimed to revoke), was the only Māori signatory to the Proclamation and after raising specific issues, as well as questioning Hobson about pre-emption and illegal land transactions at the meeting at Waitangi, appears not to have been satisfied ...
Nōpera signed the Treaty of Waitangi. He stated his understanding of the Treaty as, "Ko te atarau o te whenua i riro i a te kuini, ko te tinana o te whenua i waiho ki ngā Māori" , meaning; "The shadow of the land will go to the Queen [of the United Kingdom], but the substance of the land will remain with us".