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To avoid dealing with negative numbers, a false Easting of −500 000 meters is added to the central meridian. Thus a point that has an easting of 400 000 meters is about 100 km west of the central meridian. For most such points, the true distance would be slightly more than 100 km as measured on the surface of the Earth because of the ...
A projected coordinate system – also called a projected coordinate reference system, planar coordinate system, or grid reference system – is a type of spatial reference system that represents locations on Earth using Cartesian coordinates (x, y) on a planar surface created by a particular map projection. [1]
The false easting, E 0, is the distance of the true grid origin east of the false origin. The false northing , N 0 , is the distance of the true grid origin north of the false origin. If the true origin of the grid is at latitude φ 0 on the central meridian and the scale factor the central meridian is k 0 then these definitions give eastings ...
Direction determination refers to the ways in which a cardinal direction or compass point can be determined in navigation and wayfinding.The most direct method is using a compass (magnetic compass or gyrocompass), but indirect methods exist, based on the Sun path (unaided or by using a watch or sundial), the stars, and satellite navigation.
This contrasts with the small (1%) increase in the length of a degree of latitude (north–south distance), equator to pole. The table shows both for the WGS84 ellipsoid with a = 6 378 137 .0 m and b = 6 356 752 .3142 m .
1234 5678 (numerical location; easting is 1234 and northing is 5678, in this case specifying a location with 10 m resolution) An MGRS grid reference is a point reference system. When the term 'grid square' is used, it can refer to a square with a side length of 10 km (6 mi), 1 km, 100 m (328 ft), 10 m or 1 m, depending on the precision of the ...
Africa appears to be roughly the same size as South America, when in reality Africa is over one and a half times as large. Alaska appears to be the same size as Australia, although Australia is actually 4.5 times as large. Alaska also takes as much area on the map as Brazil, whereas Brazil's area is nearly 5 times that of Alaska.
32-point compass rose. The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography.A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each separated by 90 degrees, and secondarily divided by four ordinal (intercardinal) directions—northeast, southeast, southwest, and ...