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A close up of a single ribosome in coordination with the TOM complex on the outer Mitochondrial membrane and the TIM complex on the inner Mitochondrial membrane (bottom image). The nascent transmembrane protein is being fed into the mitochondrial membrane where its target peptide (not shown) gets cleaved.
The human mitochondrial genome is the entirety of hereditary information contained in human mitochondria. Mitochondria are small structures in cells that generate energy for the cell to use, and are hence referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is not transmitted through nuclear DNA (nDNA).
A crista (/ ˈ k r ɪ s t ə /; pl.: cristae) is a fold in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.The name is from the Latin for crest or plume, and it gives the inner membrane its characteristic wrinkled shape, providing a large amount of surface area for chemical reactions to occur on.
Electron tomography (ET) is a tomography technique for obtaining detailed 3D structures [1] of sub-cellular, macro-molecular, or materials specimens. Electron tomography is an extension of traditional transmission electron microscopy and uses a transmission electron microscope to collect the data.
The vertebrate mitochondrial code (translation table 2) is the genetic code found in the mitochondria of all vertebrata. Evolution
The mitochondria contains its own set of DNA used to produce proteins found in the electron transport chain. The mitochondrial DNA only codes for about thirteen proteins that are used in processing mitochondrial transcripts, ribosomal proteins , ribosomal RNA , transfer RNA , and protein subunits found in the protein complexes of the electron ...
Free ADP is transported from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix, while ATP produced from oxidative phosphorylation is transported from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytoplasm, thus providing the cell with its main energy currency. [4] ADP/ATP translocases are exclusive to eukaryotes and are thought to have evolved during eukaryogenesis ...
A diagram showing mtDNA (circular) and mitochondrial ribosomes among other mitochondria structures. The mitochondrial ribosome, or mitoribosome, is a protein complex that is active in mitochondria and functions as a riboprotein for translating mitochondrial mRNAs encoded in mtDNA. The mitoribosome is attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane ...