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When considering an antenna's directional pattern, gain with respect to a dipole does not imply a comparison of that antenna's gain in each direction to a dipole's gain in that direction. Rather, it is a comparison between the antenna's gain in each direction to the peak gain of the dipole (1.64). In any direction, therefore, such numbers are 2 ...
G is the Receive antenna gain. T is the system noise temperature. System noise temperature = antenna noise temperature + Receiver noise temperature (LNA) Antenna noise temperature is the noise power seen at the receive output of the antenna. (To LNA) If we are not measuring with an LNA or Receiver then
and is the logarithmic gain of the antenna in decibels. The antenna noise temperature depends on antenna coupling to all noise sources in its environment as well as on noise generated within the antenna. That is, in a directional antenna, the portion of the noise source that the antenna's main and side lobes intersect contribute proportionally.
Patch antenna gain pattern. A directional antenna or beam antenna is an antenna which radiates or receives greater radio wave power in specific directions. Directional antennas can radiate radio waves in beams, when greater concentration of radiation in a certain direction is desired, or in receiving antennas receive radio waves from one specific direction only.
The term gain has a different meaning in antenna design; antenna gain is the ratio of radiation intensity from a directional antenna to / (mean radiation intensity from a lossless antenna). Graph of the input v i ( t ) {\displaystyle v_{i}(t)} (blue) and output voltage v o ( t ) {\displaystyle v_{o}(t)} (red) of an ideal linear amplifier with a ...
Low-gain antennas have shorter range, but the orientation of the antenna is relatively unimportant. An example of a low-gain antenna is the whip antenna found on portable radios and cordless phones. Antenna gain should not be confused with amplifier gain, a separate parameter measuring the increase in signal power due to an amplifying device ...