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The intracellular domain is responsible for the initiation of a cascade of chemical reactions which ultimately triggers the specific cellular function controlled by the receptor. Enzyme-linked receptors are transmembrane proteins with an extracellular domain responsible for binding a specific ligand and an intracellular domain with enzymatic or ...
The thyroid secretes thyroxine, the pituitary secretes growth hormone, the pineal secretes melatonin, the testis secretes testosterone, and the ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone. [ 2 ] Glands that signal each other in sequence are often referred to as an axis, such as the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis .
The endocrine system is a network of glands and organs located throughout the body. It is similar to the nervous system in that it plays a vital role in controlling and regulating many of the body's functions. Endocrine glands are ductless glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood.
For example, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) causes growth and increased activity of another endocrine gland, the thyroid, which increases output of thyroid hormones. [ 34 ] To release active hormones quickly into the circulation , hormone biosynthetic cells may produce and store biologically inactive hormones in the form of pre- or prohormones .
Endocrine component: Heterocrine glands produce hormones, which are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to target organs or tissues. These hormones play a vital role in regulating numerous physiological processes, such as metabolism, growth, and the immune response.
Hemopoietic Growth Factor (type 1) family, whose members have certain conserved motifs in their extracellular amino-acid domain. The IL-2 receptor belongs to this chain, whose γ-chain (common to several other cytokines) deficiency is directly responsible for the x-linked form of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency .
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events.Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptors, although in some cases the term sensor is used. [1]
IL2 is a lymphokine that induces the proliferation of responsive T cells. In addition, it acts on some B cells, via receptor-specific binding, [13] as a growth factor and antibody production stimulant. [14] The protein is secreted as a single glycosylated polypeptide, and cleavage of a signal sequence is required for its activity. [13]