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  2. Limiting factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limiting_factor

    In other words, a factor is limiting if a change in the factor produces increased growth, abundance, or distribution of an organism when other factors necessary to the organism's life do not. Limiting factors may be physical or biological. [4]: 417, 8 Limiting factors are not limited to the condition of the species.

  3. Community (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_(ecology)

    A bear with a salmon. Interspecific interactions such as predation are a key aspect of community ecology.. In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area at the same time, also known as a biocoenosis, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, or life assemblage.

  4. Marginal distribution (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_distribution...

    This is often seen in organisms with high water demands, whose survival and reproduction is limited by dry conditions. [14] Moisture in the soil can also put limits on the distribution of an organism. [15] There are many other abiotic factors that can determine a species range, including dissolved oxygen, conductivity, alkalinity and pH. [16]

  5. Species distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species_distribution

    Biotic factors such as predation, disease, and inter- and intra-specific competition for resources such as food, water, and mates can also affect how a species is distributed. For example, biotic factors in a quail's environment would include their prey (insects and seeds), competition from other quail, and their predators, such as the coyote. [5]

  6. Ecological niche - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_niche

    [1] [2] It describes how an organism or population responds to the distribution of resources and competitors (for example, by growing when resources are abundant, and when predators, parasites and pathogens are scarce) and how it in turn alters those same factors (for example, limiting access to resources by other organisms, acting as a food ...

  7. Liebig's law of the minimum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liebig's_law_of_the_minimum

    Liebig's law states that growth only occurs at the rate permitted by the most limiting factor. [ 2 ] For instance, in the equation below, the growth of population O {\displaystyle O} is a function of the minimum of three Michaelis-Menten terms representing limitation by factors I {\displaystyle I} , N {\displaystyle N} and P {\displaystyle P} .

  8. Shelford's law of tolerance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelford's_Law_of_Tolerance

    Shelford's law of tolerance is a principle developed by American zoologist Victor Ernest Shelford in 1911. It states that an organism's success is based on a complex set of conditions and that each organism has a certain minimum, maximum, and optimum environmental factor or combination of factors that determine success. [1]

  9. Realized niche width - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realized_niche_width

    The fundamental niche width of an organism refers to the theoretical range of conditions that an organism could survive and reproduce in without considering interspecific interactions. The fundamental niche exclusively considers limiting biotic and abiotic factors such as appropriate food sources and a suitable climate.