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The term tachyon comes from the Greek: ταχύς, tachus, meaning swift. [6]: 515 The complementary particle types are called luxons (which always move at the speed of light) and bradyons (which always move slower than light); both of these particle types are known to exist.
In such a theory, its speed would depend on its frequency, and the invariant speed c of special relativity would then be the upper limit of the speed of light in vacuum. [32] No variation of the speed of light with frequency has been observed in rigorous testing, putting stringent limits on the mass of the photon. [59]
Since particle models cannot easily account for the refraction, diffraction and birefringence of light, wave theories of light were proposed by René Descartes (1637), [41] Robert Hooke (1665), [42] and Christiaan Huygens (1678); [43] however, particle models remained dominant, chiefly due to the influence of Isaac Newton. [44]
In the context of this article, "faster-than-light" means the transmission of information or matter faster than c, a constant equal to the speed of light in vacuum, which is 299,792,458 m/s (by definition of the metre) [3] or about 186,282.397 miles per second.
The speed of light in vacuum is defined to be exactly 299 792 458 m/s ... proposed a particle theory of light which was published posthumously in the 1660s.
The fact that light could be polarized was for the first time qualitatively explained by Newton using the particle theory. Étienne-Louis Malus in 1810 created a mathematical particle theory of polarization. Jean-Baptiste Biot in 1812 showed that this theory explained all known phenomena of light polarization. At that time polarization was ...
This equation holds for a body or system, such as one or more particles, with total energy E, invariant mass m 0, and momentum of magnitude p; the constant c is the speed of light. It assumes the special relativity case of flat spacetime [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and that the particles are free.
In particle physics, a relativistic particle is an elementary particle with kinetic energy greater than or equal to its rest-mass energy given by Einstein's relation, =, or specifically, of which the velocity is comparable to the speed of light. [1]