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  2. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    Matter organizes into various phases or states of matter depending on its constituents and external factors like pressure and temperature. In common temperatures and pressures, atoms form the three classical states of matter: solid , liquid and gas .

  3. State of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

    A distinct state of matter can be defined as any set of states distinguished from any other set of states by a phase transition. Water can be said to have several distinct solid states. [ 7 ] The appearance of superconductivity is associated with a phase transition, so there are superconductive states.

  4. Phases of ice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phases_of_ice

    The phases of ice are all possible states of matter for water as a solid. Variations in pressure and temperature give rise to different phases, which have varying properties and molecular geometries. Currently, twenty one phases, including both crystalline and amorphous ices have been observed. In modern history, phases have been discovered ...

  5. Bose–Einstein condensate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose–Einstein_condensate

    At one point, when the overlap becomes significant, a macroscopic number of particles condense into the ground state. In condensed matter physics, a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that is typically formed when a gas of bosons at very low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero, i.e., 0 K (−273.15 ...

  6. Equation of state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation_of_state

    In physics and chemistry, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy. [1] [2] Most modern equations of state are formulated in the Helmholtz free energy.

  7. Phase (matter) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)

    Useful mesophases between solid and liquid form other states of matter. Distinct phases may also exist within a given state of matter. As shown in the diagram for iron alloys, several phases exist for both the solid and liquid states. Phases may also be differentiated based on solubility as in polar (hydrophilic) or non-polar (hydrophobic). A ...

  8. Phase transition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transition

    In physics, chemistry, and other related fields like biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma.

  9. Water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

    The three common states of matter. Along with oxidane, water is one of the two official names for the chemical compound H 2 O; [50] it is also the liquid phase of H 2 O. [51] The other two common states of matter of water are the solid phase, ice, and the gaseous phase, water vapor or steam.