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In biology, depolarization or hypopolarization [1][2] is a change within a cell, during which the cell undergoes a shift in electric charge distribution, resulting in less negative charge inside the cell compared to the outside. Depolarization is essential to the function of many cells, communication between cells, and the overall physiology of ...
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) or spreading depolarization (SD) is a wave of electrophysiological hyperactivity followed by a wave of inhibition. [1] Spreading depolarization describes a phenomenon characterized by the appearance of depolarization waves of the neurons and neuroglia [ 2 ] that propagates across the cortex at a velocity of 1 ...
In electrophysiology, the threshold potential is the critical level to which a membrane potential must be depolarized to initiate an action potential. In neuroscience, threshold potentials are necessary to regulate and propagate signaling in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Afterdepolarizations are abnormal depolarizations of cardiac myocytes that interrupt phase 2, phase 3, or phase 4 of the cardiac action potential in the electrical conduction system of the heart. Afterdepolarizations may lead to cardiac arrhythmias. Afterdepolarization is commonly a consequence of myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, or ...
Use of real time monitoring of the heart in an intensive care unit in a German hospital (2015), the monitoring screen above the patient displaying an electrocardiogram and various values of parameters of the heart like heart rate and blood pressure. Electrocardiography is the process of producing an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG[a]), a ...
Rate dependence of the action potential is a fundamental property of cardiac cells and alterations can lead to severe cardiac diseases including cardiac arrhythmia and sometimes sudden death. [3] Action potential activity within the heart can be recorded to produce an electrocardiogram (ECG). This is a series of upward and downward spikes ...
The ratio of the peak intensity of the parallel and perpendicular component is known as the depolarization ratio (ρ), defined in equation 1. [3] For example, a spectral band with a peak of intensity 10 units when the polarizers are parallel, and an intensity 1 unit when the polarizers are perpendicular, would have a depolarization ratio of 1/ ...
The P wave is a summation wave generated by the depolarization front as it transits the atria. Normally the right atrium depolarizes slightly earlier than left atrium since the depolarization wave originates in the sinoatrial node, in the high right atrium and then travels to and through the left atrium. The depolarization front is carried ...