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A system of one or more electrons bound to a nucleus is called an atom. If the number of electrons is different from the nucleus's electrical charge, such an atom is called an ion. The wave-like behavior of a bound electron is described by a function called an atomic orbital.
electron, one of the three basic subatomic particles —along with protons and neutrons —that make up atoms, the basic building blocks of all matter and chemistry. The negatively charged electrons circle an atom’s central nucleus, which is formed by positively charged protons and the electrically neutral particles called neutrons.
In this chapter, we describe how electrons are arranged in atoms and how the spatial arrangements of electrons are related to their energies. We also explain how knowing the arrangement of electrons in an atom enables chemists to predict and explain the chemistry of an element.
The superscript in 1s 1 shows the number of electrons in the sub-shell. A helium atom has two electrons, and both occupy 1s orbital, giving helium the electron configuration of 1s 2. Hydrogen and helium are in the 1st-row of the periodic table and have the 1st-shell containing electrons.
Determine the number of protons and electrons in an atom. Write and interpret symbols that depict the atomic number, mass number, and charge of an atom or ion. Define the atomic mass unit and average atomic mass. Dalton's Atomic Theory explained a lot about matter, chemicals, and chemical reactions.
In an atom, electrons orbit around the positively-charged atomic nucleus. In solids, electrons are the primary means of conducting current. This is because protons are bound within the nucleus, so they are not as mobile as electrons. In liquids, current carriers are more often ions.
All atoms are roughly the same size, whether they have 3 or 90 electrons. Approximately 50 million atoms of solid matter lined up in a row would measure 1 cm (0.4 inch). A convenient unit of length for measuring atomic sizes is the angstrom (Å), defined as 10 −10 metre.