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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a chemical analysis technique relying on the photoelectric effect, usually employed in surface science. Radiation implosion is the use of high energy X-rays generated from a fission explosion (an A-bomb) to compress nuclear fuel to the point of fusion ignition (an H-bomb).
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (/ ˈ r ɛ n t ɡ ə n,-dʒ ə n, ˈ r ʌ n t-/; [3] German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈʁœntɡən] ⓘ; 27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923) was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, [4] who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the inaugural Nobel Prize in ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 19 September 2024. British X-ray crystallographer (1920–1958) This article is about the chemist. For the Mars rover named after her, see Rosalind Franklin (rover). Rosalind Franklin Born Rosalind Elsie Franklin (1920-07-25) 25 July 1920 Notting Hill, London, England Died 16 April 1958 (1958-04-16 ...
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. [1][2] This includes: electromagnetic radiation consists of photons, such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma radiation (γ) particle radiation consists of ...
Taking an X-ray image with early Crookes tube apparatus, late 1800s. Radiography's origins and fluoroscopy's origins can both be traced to 8 November 1895, when German physics professor Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered the X-ray and noted that, while it could pass through human tissue, it could not pass through bone or metal. [24]
Double helix. Photo 51 is an X-ray based fiber diffraction image of a paracrystalline gel composed of DNA fiber [1] taken by Raymond Gosling, [2][3] a postgraduate student working under the supervision of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin at King's College London, while working in Sir John Randall 's group. [4][5][6][7][8] The image was ...
A powder X-ray diffractometer in motion. X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of the X-ray diffraction, a crystallographer ...
Wolfram Conrad Fuchs (1865–1908) was a German-born electrical engineer who became a pioneer in radiography.He opened the first x-ray laboratory in the United States in Chicago, and had completed over 1400 x-ray examinations by 1896.