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  2. Civil penalty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_penalty

    A civil penalty or civil fine is a financial penalty imposed by a government agency as restitution for wrongdoing. The wrongdoing is typically defined by a codification of legislation, regulations, and decrees. The civil fine is not considered to be a criminal punishment, because it is primarily sought in order to compensate the state for harm ...

  3. False Claims Act of 1863 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_Claims_Act_of_1863

    Wisconsin Bell, Inc. v. United States ex rel. Todd Heath, No. 23-1127, ___ U.S. ___ (2025) The False Claims Act of 1863 (FCA) [ 1 ] is an American federal law that imposes liability on persons and companies (typically federal contractors) who defraud governmental programs. It is the federal government's primary litigation tool in combating ...

  4. Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racketeer_Influenced_and...

    Medical Marijuana, Inc. v. Horn, No. 23-365, 603 U.S. ___ (2025) The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act is a United States federal law that provides for extended criminal penalties and a civil cause of action for acts performed as part of an ongoing criminal organization. RICO was enacted by Title IX of the Organized ...

  5. Trial penalty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_penalty

    Definition. The trial penalty is the "discrepancy between the sentence the prosecutor is willing to offer in exchange for a guilty plea and the sentence that would be imposed after a trial". [8] Many plea bargains require that the defendant waive certain constitutional rights, such as the right to challenge unlawfully procured evidence and the ...

  6. Legal remedy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_remedy

    v. t. e. A legal remedy, also referred to as judicial relief or a judicial remedy, is the means with which a court of law, usually in the exercise of civil law jurisdiction, enforces a right, imposes a penalty, or makes another court order to impose its will in order to compensate for the harm of a wrongful act inflicted upon an individual. [1]

  7. Civil Rights Act of 1968 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968

    The Civil Rights Act of 1968 (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 90–284, 82 Stat. 73, enacted April 11, 1968) is a landmark law in the United States signed into law by United States President Lyndon B. Johnson during the King assassination riots. Titles II through VII comprise the Indian Civil Rights Act, which applies to the Native ...

  8. Fine (penalty) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_(penalty)

    A fine or mulct (the latter synonym typically used in civil law) is a penalty of money that a court of law [1] or other authority decides has to be paid as punishment for a crime or other offense.

  9. Civil law (common law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_(common_law)

    Civil law is a major "branch of the law", for example in common law legal systems such as those in England and Wales and in the United States, where it stands in contrast to criminal law. [1][2] The law relating to civil wrongs and quasi-contracts is part of the civil law, [3] as is law of property (other than property-related crimes, such as ...