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The probability density function (PDF) for the Wilson score interval, plus PDF s at interval bounds. Tail areas are equal. Since the interval is derived by solving from the normal approximation to the binomial, the Wilson score interval ( , + ) has the property of being guaranteed to obtain the same result as the equivalent z-test or chi-squared test.
Confidence bands can be constructed around estimates of the empirical distribution function.Simple theory allows the construction of point-wise confidence intervals, but it is also possible to construct a simultaneous confidence band for the cumulative distribution function as a whole by inverting the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, or by using non-parametric likelihood methods.
[1] [2] The percentage, denoted (95% and 99% are typical values), is a coverage probability, called confidence level, degree of confidence or confidence coefficient; it represents the long-run proportion of CIs (at the given confidence level) that contain the true value of the parameter. For example, out of all intervals computed at the 95% ...
Classically, a confidence distribution is defined by inverting the upper limits of a series of lower-sided confidence intervals. [15] [16] [page needed] In particular, For every α in (0, 1), let (−∞, ξ n (α)] be a 100α% lower-side confidence interval for θ, where ξ n (α) = ξ n (X n,α) is continuous and increasing in α for each sample X n.
Given a sample from a normal distribution, whose parameters are unknown, it is possible to give prediction intervals in the frequentist sense, i.e., an interval [a, b] based on statistics of the sample such that on repeated experiments, X n+1 falls in the interval the desired percentage of the time; one may call these "predictive confidence intervals".
A common way to do this is to state the binomial proportion confidence interval, often calculated using a Wilson score interval. Confidence intervals for sensitivity and specificity can be calculated, giving the range of values within which the correct value lies at a given confidence level (e.g., 95%). [26]
The construction of binomial confidence intervals is a classic example where coverage probabilities rarely equal nominal levels. [3] [4] [5] For the binomial case, several techniques for constructing intervals have been created. The Wilson score interval is one well-known construction based on the normal distribution. Other constructions ...
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