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Railway signalling (BE), or railroad signaling (AE), is a system used to control the movement of railway traffic. Trains move on fixed rails , making them uniquely susceptible to collision . This susceptibility is exacerbated by the enormous weight and inertia of a train, which makes it difficult to quickly stop when encountering an obstacle.
A rail break between the insulated rail joint and the track circuit feed wiring would not be detected. Failure modes that result in an incorrect "track clear" signal (known usually in North America as a "false clear") may allow a train to enter an occupied block, creating the risk of a collision. Wheel scale and short trains may also be a problem.
There are two main types of signaling aspect systems found in North America, speed signaling and weak route signaling. [citation needed] Speed signaling transmits information regarding how fast the train is permitted to be going in the upcoming segment of track; weak route signaling transmits information related to the route a train will be taking through a junction, and it is incumbent upon ...
Standards for North American railroad signaling in the United States are issued by the Association of American Railroads (AAR), which is a trade association of the railroads of Canada, the US, and Mexico. Their system is loosely based on practices developed in the United Kingdom during the early years of railway development. However, North ...
In a basic railway situation, the token can be collected personally by the driver at the start of the crew's work on a branch line, and surrendered at the end of their work there. Where the single line section is part of a through route, then it is likely that each passing train would require to surrender and collect a token at each token station.
A block instrument on the Midland Railway. Signalling block systems enable the safe and efficient operation of railways by preventing collisions between trains. The basic principle is that a track is broken up into a series of sections or "blocks".
CBTC is a signalling standard defined by the IEEE 1474 standard. [1] The original version was introduced in 1999 and updated in 2004. [1] The aim was to create consistency and standardisation between digital railway signalling systems that allow for an increase in train capacity through what the standard defines as high-resolution train location determination. [1]
The railways of Victoria use a mix of railway signalling practices: British route signalling (known as two position signalling) and US speed signalling (known as three position signalling). [15] Two position and three position signals can be mixed at one location. Running three position signals have two continuously lit lights vertically arranged.