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An image of multiple chromosomes, taken from many cells. Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. [1] [2] It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.
In plants, the zygote may be polyploid if fertilization occurs between meiotically unreduced gametes. In land plants , the zygote is formed within a chamber called the archegonium . In seedless plants, the archegonium is usually flask-shaped, with a long hollow neck through which the sperm cell enters.
Asexual reproduction in plants occurs in two fundamental forms, vegetative reproduction and agamospermy. [1] Vegetative reproduction involves a vegetative piece of the original plant producing new individuals by budding, tillering , etc. and is distinguished from apomixis , which is a replacement of sexual reproduction, and in some cases ...
Plants are produced using material from a single parent and as such, there is no exchange of genetic material, therefore vegetative propagation methods almost always produce plants that are identical to the parent. In some plants, seeds can be produced without fertilization and the seeds contain only the genetic material of the parent plant.
Plant genetic resources that are conserved by any of these methods are often referred to as germplasm, which is a shorthand term meaning "any genetic materials". The term originates from germ plasm , August Weismann 's theory that heritable information is transmitted only by germ cells, and which has been superseded by modern insights on ...
Sexually reproducing animals, plants, fungi and protists are thought to have evolved from a common ancestor that was a single-celled eukaryotic species. [1] [2] [3] Sexual reproduction is widespread in eukaryotes, though a few eukaryotic species have secondarily lost the ability to reproduce sexually, such as Bdelloidea, and some plants and animals routinely reproduce asexually (by apomixis ...
Exploiting plants’ defence mechanisms against pests or diseases could help to remove our reliance on toxic pesticides. Plants’ genetic defences may hold key for crop protection, researchers ...
Plant embryonic development, also plant embryogenesis, is a process that occurs after the fertilization of an ovule to produce a fully developed plant embryo. This is a pertinent stage in the plant life cycle that is followed by dormancy and germination . [ 1 ]