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Singhasari (Javanese: ꦏꦫꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦔ꧀ꦲꦱꦫꦶ, romanized: Karaton Singhasari or Karaton Singosari, Indonesian: Kerajaan Singasari), also known as Tumapel, was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist kingdom located in east Java between 1222 and 1292.
[2]: 188 The Singasari dynasty had come to power in Java following the overthrow of the previous Kediri Kingdom by Ken Arok, the first Singhasari ruler in 1222. Kertanagara was a follower of a mystical Tantric syncretism of Hinduism and Buddhism, and presented himself as the divine god-king incarnation of Shiva and Buddha. [3]
The Yuan dynasty under Kublai Khan attempted in 1293 to invade Java, an island in modern Indonesia, with 20,000 [14] to 30,000 soldiers. [7] This was intended as a punitive expedition against Kertanegara of Singhasari, who had refused to pay tribute to the Yuan and maimed one of their emissaries.
Gajah Mada (c. 1290 – c. 1364), also known as Jirnnodhara, [3] was a powerful military leader and mahapatih [Note 3] of the Javanese empire of Majapahit during the 14th century.
Sunardjo, E.H. Unang, Selayang pandang sejarah masa kejayaan kerajaan Cirebon. Cirebon: Yayasan Keraton Kasepuhan Cirebon 1996. Sutherland, Heather, 'Notes on Java's regent families', Indonesia 17 1973 and 19 1974. Truhart, Peter, Regents of Nations. Systematic Chronology of States and Their Political Representatives in Past and Present.
The statue of Amoghapasa on top of the inscription, sent from Bhumijava (Java) to Suvarnabhumi (Sumatra).. The Pamalayu campaign was a diplomatic and military expeditionary force sent by the Javanese King Kertanegara of Singhasari to conquer the Sumatran Melayu Kingdom.
Cangkuang temple. The Galuh Kingdom was a medieval Sundanese kingdom located in the eastern part of Tatar Sunda (now West Java province and Banyumasan region of Central Java province), present-day Indonesia. [1]
The Kingdom of Singapura (Malay: Kerajaan Singapura) was a Malay Hindu-Buddhist kingdom thought to have been established during the early history of Singapore upon its main island Temasek from 1299 until its fall sometime between 1396 and 1398. [2]