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In mathematics and logic, the term "uniqueness" refers to the property of being the one and only object satisfying a certain condition. [1] This sort of quantification is known as uniqueness quantification or unique existential quantification, and is often denoted with the symbols "∃!" [2] or "∃ =1". For example, the formal statement
The first equation shows that, after one second, an object will have fallen a distance of 1/2 × 9.8 × 1 2 = 4.9 m. After two seconds it will have fallen 1/2 × 9.8 × 2 2 = 19.6 m; and so on. On the other hand, the penultimate equation becomes grossly inaccurate at great distances.
To make this into an equal-sided formula or equation, there needed to be a multiplying factor or constant that would give the correct force of gravity no matter the value of the masses or distance between them (the gravitational constant). Newton would need an accurate measure of this constant to prove his inverse-square law.
Consider a long train, moving with velocity v with respect to the ground, and one observer on the train and one on the ground, standing next to a post. The observer on the train sees the front of the train pass the post, and then, some time t′ later, sees the end of the train pass the same post. He then calculates the train's length as follows:
In classical mechanics, the kinetic energy of a point object (an object so small that its mass can be assumed to exist at one point), or a non-rotating rigid body depends on the mass of the body as well as its speed. The kinetic energy is equal to half the product of the mass and the square of the speed. In formula form:
A deductive system is used to demonstrate, on a purely syntactic basis, that one formula is a logical consequence of another formula. There are many such systems for first-order logic, including Hilbert-style deductive systems, natural deduction, the sequent calculus, the tableaux method, and resolution. These share the common property that a ...
Kirchhoff's diffraction formula; Klein–Gordon equation; Korteweg–de Vries equation; Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation; Lane–Emden equation; Langevin equation; Levy–Mises equations; Lindblad equation; Lorentz equation; Maxwell's equations; Maxwell's relations; Newton's laws of motion; Navier–Stokes equations; Reynolds-averaged ...
Proper length [1] or rest length [2] is the length of an object in the object's rest frame. The measurement of lengths is more complicated in the theory of relativity than in classical mechanics . In classical mechanics, lengths are measured based on the assumption that the locations of all points involved are measured simultaneously.