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The first release of the Linux kernel, Linux 0.01, included a binary of GNU's Bash shell. [21] In the "Notes for linux release 0.01", Torvalds lists the GNU software that is required to run Linux: [21] Sadly, a kernel by itself gets you nowhere. To get a working system you need a shell, compilers, a library etc.
The first Linux prototypes were publicly released in late 1991. [7] [23] Version 1.0 was released on 14 March 1994. [24] Torvalds first encountered the GNU Project in fall of 1991 when another Swedish-speaking computer science student, Lars Wirzenius, took him to the University of Technology to listen to free software guru Richard Stallman's
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 November 2024. Family of Unix-like operating systems This article is about the family of operating systems. For the kernel, see Linux kernel. For other uses, see Linux (disambiguation). Operating system Linux Tux the penguin, the mascot of Linux Developer Community contributors, Linus Torvalds Written ...
Version 4 Unix, however, still had much PDP-11 specific code, and was not suitable for porting. The first port to another platform was a port of Version 6, made four years later (1977) at the University of Wollongong for the Interdata 7/32, [18] followed by a Bell Labs port of Version 7 to the Interdata 8/32 during 1977 and 1978. [19]
The BSD effort produced several significant releases that contained network code: 4.1cBSD, 4.2BSD, 4.3BSD, 4.3BSD-Tahoe ("Tahoe" being the nickname of the Computer Consoles Inc. Power 6/32 architecture that was the first non-DEC release of the BSD kernel), Net/1, 4.3BSD-Reno (to match the "Tahoe" naming, and that the release was something of a ...
Each Ubuntu release has a version number that consists of the year and month number of the release. [113] For example, the first release was Ubuntu 4.10 as it was released on 20 October 2004. [35] Ubuntu releases are also given alliterative code names, using an adjective and an animal (e.g., "Bionic Beaver").
Website. www.gnu.org /software /bash /. Bash, short for Bourne-Again SHell, is a shell program and command language supported by the Free Software Foundation [2] and first developed for the GNU Project [3] by Brian Fox. [4] Designed as a 100% [5] free software alternative for the Bourne shell, [6][7][8] it was initially released in 1989. [9]
covers current UNIX ® standards (POSIX.1-2001 /SUSv3 and POSIX.1-2008 /SUSv4 ) Published. 2010 (No Starch Press) Pages. 1512. ISBN. 978-1-59327-220-3. The Linux Programming Interface: A Linux and UNIX System Programming Handbook is a book written by Michael Kerrisk, which documents the APIs of the Linux kernel and the GNU C Library (glibc).